IMO Adopts Frameworks for Marine Geoengineering Research
IMO Parties adopt assessment frameworks for ocean fertilization, alkalinity enhancement and biomass sinking to evaluate research proposals case by case.
The story in focus
The International Maritime Organization adopted new assessment frameworks for three marine geoengineering methods—ocean fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, and ocean sinking of biomass—to help governments evaluate research proposals for environmental risks and scientific legitimacy.
- Frameworks cover ocean fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, and ocean sinking of biomass.
- Each framework includes screening, environmental assessment, risk management, decision-making, and post-project review.
- Proposals must demonstrate legitimate scientific purpose and undergo stakeholder consultation and peer review.
New Assessment Frameworks Adopted
Parties to the London Convention and London Protocol adopted a resolution establishing assessment frameworks for ocean fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, and ocean sinking of biomass at IMO Headquarters in London from 5 to 9 October 2026. The frameworks will help governments determine on a case-by-case basis whether proposed activities constitute legitimate scientific research and whether they can proceed without unacceptable risks to the marine environment.
Each framework covers initial screening, environmental assessment, risk management, decision-making, and post-project review. Assessments can be revisited as new information becomes available.
Requirements for Proposals
Under the frameworks, all proposals must demonstrate a legitimate scientific purpose, thoroughly assess environmental risks, ensure proper stakeholder consultation and peer review, and include rigorous monitoring and transparent reporting. The Parties emphasized that scientific knowledge remains limited and that research should proceed cautiously, with environmental protection as the top priority. Further scientific research is needed before any activities beyond the research stage can be considered.
Other Decisions
The Parties also approved guidance on end-of-life management of fibreglass reinforced vessels and alternatives to at-sea disposal developed with UNEP. They agreed on intersessional work to consider the relationship between the London Convention and London Protocol and the BBNJ Agreement.
Which marine geoengineering methods are covered by the new IMO frameworks?
The frameworks cover ocean fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, and ocean sinking of biomass. They provide a common structure for a precautionary approach to assessing research proposals for these three methods.
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